| Description:
Diagnostic features:
Annual climbing herb. Hairs antrorse. Leaves pentangular, middle lobe distinctly elevated and shallow incised at base. Male flower 1.3-1.5 x 1.5 cm, in fascicle of 4-6 per axils, yellow. Female flower 2.5 x 2-1.8 cm, solitary, yellow, ovary densely aculeate, soft, antrorse hairy. Calyx lobes 0.1 cm, erect. Fruit 4-5 x 1.7-2 cm, indehiscent, ovate, tapering at both ends, beaked, softly aculeate; aculi obtuse, 0.15-0.2 cm long, green in young turning yellow at maturity. Seed: 0.4 x 0.2 x 0.5 cm, elliptic to obovate, apex rounded, base acute, funicle caducous, non beaked, grey-white.
Flowering and fruiting:
July October to December. Fruit ripens by early November.
Distribution:
Mizoram: Dampa tiger reserve forest, Kolasib, Aizwal, Champhai.
Field notes:
Plants frequent, trailing on bushes along roadsides and border of cultivated field mostly in shady place
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